One Country, Three Language Communities
Belgium cannot be understood as a single higher education system. It is three: Dutch-speaking
Flanders in the north, French-speaking Wallonia in the south, and bilingual Brussels between them.
Each community runs its own universities, sets its own admission rules and teaches in its own
language. Choosing Belgium therefore means choosing a community first and an institution second.
In Flanders, KU Leuven, Ghent University, the University of Antwerp and Vrije Universiteit Brussel
teach bachelor's degrees in Dutch. In Wallonia and Brussels, UCLouvain, Université libre de
Bruxelles and the University of Liège teach in French. At bachelor's level, this means a language
certificate is normally required. At master's level the picture reverses sharply: Belgium offers a
large and growing catalogue of English-taught master's programmes, and KU Leuven in particular
teaches a substantial share of its graduate portfolio in English.
Admission Is Open — With Important Exceptions
Unlike the United Kingdom or the Netherlands, Belgian public universities largely operate open
admission: a holder of a recognised secondary school diploma who meets the language requirement is
entitled to enrol, without competing for a capped number of places. This is a genuine advantage for
capable students who do not test well under selection pressure.
The exceptions matter. Medicine and dentistry require passing a competitive entrance examination in
both communities, and engineering at several institutions has its own admission test in
mathematics. The other constraint is invisible to newcomers: open admission is paired with
demanding first-year examinations, and progression rates in the first year are low by international
standards. Belgium lets you in readily and then expects you to earn your place.
Cost
Belgian universities charge a standard annual registration fee for EU students that sits among the
lowest in Western Europe, with reduced rates for students from lower-income households. Non-EU
students pay a higher institutional rate that still compares favourably with the Netherlands,
Ireland or the United Kingdom. Living costs in Leuven, Ghent or Liège are moderate; Brussels is
more expensive but remains below Amsterdam or Dublin.
The Brussels Advantage
For one group of students, Belgium is not merely a good option but the obvious one. Brussels hosts
the European Commission, the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union, NATO and
several thousand international organisations, law firms, lobbying groups and think tanks. A student
of law, political science, international relations or economics studying in Brussels has access to
an internship and graduate market that exists nowhere else in Europe, and the professional network
built during those years tends to follow them for a career.
Deadlines and Staying On
EU applicants generally apply through spring and summer for a late-September start. Non-EU
applicants face substantially earlier deadlines — often February to April — because diploma
equivalence assessment and the visa process each take months. Treat the non-EU deadline as the
binding one, and begin document preparation the previous autumn.
After graduation, Belgium offers a search-year residence permit giving twelve months to find work
or launch a business, convertible into a work permit thereafter.
To decide between the Flemish and French-speaking systems, and between bachelor's-level language
study and an English-taught master's, our advisors offer a free initial consultation. See our
study abroad consultancy services,
or compare Belgium with the Netherlands
and Germany.